A recent study showed that NKX3.1 staining was highly sensitive and specific for high-grade prostatic adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity for identifying metastatic prostatic adenocarcinomas overall was 98.6% (68/69 cases positive) for NKX3.1, and 94.2% (65/69 cores positive) for PSA. The specificity of NKX3.1 was 99.7% (1/349) in various cancers. NKX3.1 stains nuclei in both normal and prostate cancer, thus providing a robust stain that is easy-to-interpret, similar to other transcription factors such as TTF-1 or CDX2.
Lung Cancer
This antibody may be used to aid in the identification of tumors of epithelial origin such as colorectal, pancreatic, and non-small cell lung cancer and in distinguishing carcinomas from other malignant tumors of non-epithelial origin.
This antibody is designed to qualitatively detect the presence of melan A by light microscopy in sections of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Positive staining may aid in the classification of melanoma.
Ulcer
Immunohistochemical techniques using a Helicobacter pylori antibody can distinguish it from other types of curved bacteria. There is evidence showing that these bacteria may play a significant role in peptic ulcer disease. A study has suggested that Helicobacter pylori infection is a risk factor for colorectal polyps in children.
Lesions
Calponin has been found to be useful in differentiating benign sclerosing lesions of the breast from carcinoma. Calponin positivity has also been noted in malignant myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma of salivary gland origin, as well as angiomatoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma.